Piston engine



Um.. EU? W49 a. MARTON ET AL..

PISTON ENGINE Filed March 18, 1947 I N N TOR. www; Mmmm M "uw M PatentedDec. 20, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PISTON ENGINE Bla Marton andErn Reich, Budapest, Hungary Application March 18, 1947, Serial No.735,336

(Cl. 12S- 50) 7 Claims. l

This invention relates to a piston engine the working chamber of whichis located in the internal cavity of the pistonA The objects of theinvention are:

(1) To create a piston engine, which, when used as an internalcombustion engine, will protect the cylinder wall, and, moreparticularly, the layer of oil adhering to the cylinder Wall, againstthe effects of the flame in the combustion chamber;

(2) To enable, in the case of two-stroke cycle engines, absolutelyperfect uni-flow scavenging to be realised by the cavity piston;

(3) To admit very high temperatures in the piston cavity, withoutjeopardising the lubrication of the piston, thereby assuring easierstarting and safe ignition;

(4) To enable, in the case of double-piston engines with pin driveprojecting laterally from the cylinder, the piston wall to be made sothin as to cause it to yield to the internal pressure and thus toresult, in the case of a ground-in piston, in better tightness againstleakage than obtainable by means of piston rings;

(5) To enable connecting-rods to be dispensed with and side pressures ofthe pistons to be reduced;

(6) To enable, in the case of a double-cavity piston, any desired kindof two-'stroke cycle diagram to be obtained by employing suitablecontrol in the case of piston steam engines, compressors, pumps,compressed-air engines, etc.;

(7) To enable cross-sections of relatively great magnitude to be openedand closed in the vicinity of the dead-centre points, with a minimum ofthrottling;

(8) To. enable high speeds to be obtainable in all elds of applicationof piston engines, and smooth running to be assured at high speeds alsoowing to the small masses of the thin-Walled piston;

(9) To enable, in case the driving engine is direct-coupled with a motor`or generator, etc., the shaft and journalling devices of the coupledapparatus to be constructed so as to constitute, at the same time, theshaft and bearings of the piston engine, thereby rendering the designsimpler and less expensive owing to saving a shaft, its journallingdevices and a connectingrod.

The invention consists, substantially, in the Working chamber beingsituated in the internal cavity of the piston, and the driving pin ofthe latter being located outside the piston cavity and joining on to thepiston bottom.

In the case of double-actingl piston engines, two hollow pistons, thebottoms of which face each other, or one double piston comprising acommon bottom, are slidable inside a cylinder. The piston drive isperformed by means of a driv-1 ing pin located outside the cavity, thesaid driv-A ing pin being fixed between the two pistons, or at theirbottom, and its extension piece projecting sideways from the cylinderoscillatingl in a plane perpendicular on the piston axis, and followingthe motion of the reciprocating piston. Accordingly, the doubleactingcavity piston will, in addition to its alternating motion following thesine law, also perform an oscillating motion around its longitudinalaxis. This will enable the inlet and outlet ports cut into the pistonand into the cylinder wall respectively to be controlled not only in thevicinity of the dead-centre point, but at all points of the stroke.

The annexed drawing illustrates a number of embodiments, shown by way ofexample, of the invention.

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional View of a horizontally-arrangeddouble-piston engine in its application as a compressor, air engine, orsteam engine for individual drive, in the left deadcentre position.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line II-II of Fig. 1 in the middleposition of the driving' pin.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a control port forcompressors.

Fig. 4 is a cross-section of another embodiment of a double-pistonengine in its application as a steam engine.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the control port rendering possible thecontrol of the degree of admission of steam.

In the case of the engine shown on Fig. 1 a double-acting hollow pistonI, or two such pistons possessing a common bottom are fitted into thecylinder 6. The open ends of the cavities of the pistons are closed bytapered extension pieces I2 of the cylinder covers I projecting into thepisi ton cavities. InV the common bottom I3 of the pistons I there isxed a driving pin 2 projecting sideways, and constructed as a drivingarm., which ends in a sphere 8. The latter projects into aneccentrically-situated borehole 9 of the crank disc I0. When the crankdisc I0 is being rotated, the double hollow piston I will, by means ofthe driv ing arm A2,` receive, in addition to an alternating motion,also, at the same time, an oscillating motion, as the driving arm 2oscillates in a plane perpendicular on the longitudinal piston axis `andpartaking in the alternating motion of the piston.

If, by means of a drawing needle introduced into the inlet or outletopenings a of the cylinder 6, the motion of the hollow piston is tracedon the envelope of the latter, this will give a space curve, resemblingan ellipse, as shown in staggered lines on Fig. 3.

If the wall of the double piston is perforated at four placestwo ofwhich are situated on one, and two on the other side of the pistonbottomin lengths suitable for purposes of control, along the length ofthe curves resembling an ellipse as per Fig. 3, control slots I5 will beobtained in the piston wall, which control slots will come into coverwith the holes a and will, during the length of time, during which suchcontrol lasts, communicate with the said holes along a predeterminedlength of stroke, and will thereby control inlet and outlet. In Fig. 3the control slot I5 of a compressor is situated in the dead-centreposition; in the position I5 it is in cover with the opening a, therebyenabling the compressed air to be exhausted. By suitably choosing thelength and width of the slot I5, it is possible to ensure that in thepiston cavities the desired cycle of work suction, compression, exhaustshould be performed.

The control slots may, instead of perforating the wall of the hollowpiston, be recessed into the cylinder wall as ducts or hole rows c (Fig.5). On the piston wall, one or more boreholes b will be provided. In thewall of the cylinder 5 a row of ducts or holes c leading to the casing23 of slide 22 is arranged (Fig. 4). In order to control the machine theslides 22 are rotatably or shiftably arranged for opening or shuttingsome holes c. The pressure is admitted at 25. The opened holes aremarked black while the shut holes are left white. The discharge iscarried out through channel 241. This will enable to control, forinstance, the degree of admission, and reversing, in the case of steamengines, or to control the starting of the engine by means of compressedair.

In the case of direct drives, the cylinder 6 is xed on a fiange I'I ofthe bearing shield I8, the crank disc I being fixed on the axle journalI9 of the axle 26, running in the bearing 2|, of the machinedirect-coupled with the piston engine. Thereby, the provision of adriving axle for the piston engine and of journalling devices for suchaxle, will be rendered unnecessary.

It is an embodiment of this kind that is shown on Fig. l and Fig. 2.

In Fig. 4, the sphere 8 is not directly supported on the wall of therecess 9 of the crank disc I0, but is supported Iin rings I5, I6 mountedinto the said disc, so as to enable greater pressures to be transmittedby the sphere 8 to the crank disc I0. The control ports c are recessedinto bulges of the cylinder wall 6. The perforations of the doublepiston are in this case constructed as holes b, and the openings a arecommunicating with the row of holes c (Fig.

In its constructional details the apparatus according to the inventionmay be varied in many ways, without departing from the scope of theinvention.

What we claim is:

1. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollowpistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder,heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by saidheads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pinrigidly xed at one end between the two pistons and having its other endprotruding from the side of the cylinder, a. crank disc having a socketeccentrically mounted therein, and a ball carried by the end of the pinand mounted in said socket.

2. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollowpistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder,heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by saidheads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pinrigidly iixed at one end between the two pistons and having its otherend protruding from the side of the cylinder,

' a crank disc having a socket eccentrically mounted therein, and a ballcarried by the end of the pin and mounted in said socket, said drivingpin which oscillates together with the pistons in a plane perpendicularto the piston axis and follows the reciprocating motion of the pistons.

3. A double acting piston engine comprising a cylinder, two hollowpistons arranged with their bottom facing each other in said cylinder,heads on the ends of the cylinder, extension pieces carried by saidheads and closing the cavities in the pistons, a single driving pinrigidly xed at one end between (the two pistons and having its other endprotruding from the side of the cylinder, a crank disc having a socketeccentrically mounted therein, la sphere having a bore extendingtherethrough slidably mounted on the outer end of the pin, a pair ofrings having spherical seats formed thereon, mounted in said socket andcooperating with said sphere for transmitting motion between the crankpin and the disc.

4. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 having controlslots recessed into the cylinder wall in the form of rows of holescooperating with bore holes of the hollow pistons.

5. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 having controlslots recessed into the cylinder wall in the form of rows of holescooperating with bore holes of the hollow pistons, some of the holesbeing open and slides closing others of them.

6. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim l wherein the crankdisc ofthe piston engine is directly fixed on the axle of a machineoperated by the piston engine thus constituting a direct couple betweenthem, whereby they have common bearings.

'7. A double acting piston engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein thecrank disc of the piston engine is directly fixed on the axle of amachine operating the piston engine thus constituting a direct couplebetween them, whereby they have common bearings.

MARTON, BLA. REICH, ERN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record inthe file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,281,669 Sawyer Oct. 15, 19181,306,661 VDolne-Dehan June 10, 1919 1,338,118 Briggs Apr. 27, 19201,491,852 Field Apr. 29, 1924 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date593,241 France A1925

